PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.